Senior Research Scientist, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Duncan McCarthy has been with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) for 32 years, where he has led Research and Development programs for the past 25. He holds a master’s degree in Information Science from George Mason University and has long focused on applying advanced technologies to critical national security missions.
In 2022, Mr. McCarthy was involved in research that revealed key limitations in artificial intelligence technologies for geospatial applications. Motivated by these findings, he launched a new initiative in 2024 to develop a geospatial generative AI foundation model designed to store and transact the types of information most vital to NGA’s mission.
His current work addresses the scientific challenges of applying large multimodal generative AI models—such as ChatGPT, Claude, Grok, Gemini, LLaMA/LLaVA, and Perplexity—to the domain of geospatial intelligence. These models, while proficient in verbal communication and increasingly capable with image data, face unique obstacles when working with satellite imagery and geospatial patterns. Mr. McCarthy and his team are developing new methods and benchmarks to measure and improve generative AI’s ability to recognize and process geospatial data effectively, paving the way for more reliable and scalable solutions in future intelligence systems.
AI/ML Technical Consultant at Google Public Sector
Shelley Cazares is an AI/ML Technical Consultant at Google Public Sector, where she applies Google's foundational models to real-world use cases in the U.S. government. She works closely with Google Research on the development of Remote Sensing Foundational Models, large multimodal AI/ML models trained on massive datasets of satellite/airborne imagery and related text.
Previously Dr. Cazares was the head of Public Sector Research at Clarifai, a startup in applied AI/ML, where she trained and delivered computer vision models to NGA and CDAO for operational missions. For 15 years at the Institute for Defense Analyses, a federally funded research and development center, she advised the Directors of NGA Research and IARPA on their AI/ML research portfolios.
On sabbatical, Dr. Cazares served 23 days as an "Analog Astronaut" in a deep space simulation at NASA Johnson Space Center. As a visiting analyst with the Office of the Secretary Defense's Cost Assessment & Program Evaluation group, she co-authored a strategic assessment on AI/ML opportunities and limitations, influencing long-term funding for AI/ML national security research priorities.
Earlier, Dr. Cazares was a Principal Research Scientist at Boston Scientific Corporation, patenting over 40 AI/Ml inventions in implantable cardiac devices. As a Marshall Scholar, she earned her doctorate in Engineering Science (Signal Processing & Neural Networks) at the University of Oxford. She earned her bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science at MIT, with two minors in Biomedical Engineering and Spanish.